The concert of motion that fish schools are famous for isn’t merely an elaborate display of synchronized swimming. Their seemingly telepathic collective movement is part of a time-tested strategy for improving the group’s chances for survival as a whole, from defense against predators to food-finding and mating.

Programmers can tell you what machine learning does and how it works, but they can't really prove why it works. Enter the mathematicians.

The what and how of machine learning are well documented — it's software that examines big data to find meaning and possibly suggest actions, based on looking for patterns and complicated statistics — and now NJIT mathematics professor Zuofeng Shang is among a small group of researchers worldwide who want to understand and document the underlying mathematical principles of it.

Mathematical Sciences Professor and Associate Dean Bruce Bukiet has published his model’s projections of how the standings should look at the end of Major League Baseball’s regular season in 2019. For more than 20 years, Bukiet has applied mathematical models to compute the number of regular season games each Major League Baseball team should win. His mathematically derived projections have consistently compared well with those of so-called experts.